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Geology Hall, formerly Geological Hall, is a building located in the historic Queens Campus section of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey's College Avenue Campus in New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States. As part of the Queen's Campus, Geology Hall was included on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. When Rutgers was selected as New Jersey's only land grant college in 1864, the college began to expand its curriculum to include instruction in science and agriculture. Rutgers president William Henry Campbell raised funds to construct a building to accommodate this expansion, and Geology Hall, designed by architect Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, was built in 1872. At present, the building houses administrative offices and the university's geological museum. The museum, one of the oldest collegiate geology collections in the United States, was founded by state geologist and Rutgers professor George Hammell Cook in 1872. Its exhibits showcase the natural history of New Jersey; focusing geology, paleontology, and anthropology. Exhibits include fluorescent zinc minerals from Franklin and Ogdensburg, a mastodon from Salem County, a dinosaur trackway discovered in Towaco, and a Ptolemaic era Egyptian mummy. ==History== In 1864 the State of New Jersey named Rutgers College as their sole land grant college. Pursuant to the Morrill Act of 1862, this designation gave federal lands to the state that the state could then sell to raise money to develop practical education in agriculture, science, military science and engineering.〔McCormick, Richard P. ''Rutgers: A Bicentennial History''. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1966).〕〔The Morrill Act of 1862 (P.L. 1862 ch. 130; 12 Stat. 504) was codified as (United States Code, Title 7, Chapter 13, Subchapter I, § 304 — "Investment of proceeds of sale of land or scrip" ). Retrieved September 25, 2013.〕 George Hammell Cook (1818-1889), a professor of chemistry and natural sciences, influenced the state to select Rutgers over the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). Cook was appointed state geologist in 1864 and later became the college's vice president. With the college's land grant status and new funding for scientific studies, Cook expanded his research and teaching into geology and agriculture.〔〔David Murray (compiler). ''(A Memorial of Rev. William Henry Campbell, D.D., LL.D. Late President of Rutgers College )''. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Trustees of Rutgers College, 1894), 45–47.〕〔Rutgers College and Raven, John Howard (Rev.) (compiler). ''(Catalogue of the Officers and Alumni of Rutgers College (originally Queen's College) in New Brunswick, N.J., 1766–1916 )''. (Trenton, New Jersey: State Gazette Publishing Company, 1916).〕 Six years later, the college's board of trustees decided to erect a building to house the college's new scientific programs.〔 At this time, Rutgers was celebrating the centennial anniversary of its second charter (1770) and college president William Henry Campbell (1808–1890) solicited donations from alumni and other supporters in an extensive fundraising effort aimed at supporting these new programs.〔 With these funds, the trustees commissioned a design for a Geological Hall from Henry Janeway Hardenbergh (1847–1918), a young architect from New Brunswick.〔〔Glovin, Bill. "Castles in the Air" in ''Rutgers Magazine'' (Spring 2006), 35–41.〕 Hardenbergh received these contracts through family connections, as several members of his family were graduates, trustees, or associated with the school. His great-great-grandfather, the Rev. Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh (1736–1790), was Rutgers' first president and one of its founders, and his grandfather, Rev. Jacob Janeway served as vice president of the college and had turned down the post of president in 1840.〔〔Staff. ("H. J. Hardenberg, Architect, is Dead" ) in ''The New York Times'' (March 14, 1918). Retrieved September 5, 2013.〕 Hardenbergh's design was described as employing both Gothic elements and classical forms that preceded the extreme eclecticism that was to mark a later Victorian Gothic Revival period.〔Barr, Michael C. and Wilkens, Edward. (National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form for Queen's Campus at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey ) (1973). Retrieved September 5, 2013.〕 The original plans called for the building to be constructed out of red brick,〔 but the final execution was mostly in sandstone quarried in Connecticut, with some examples of stone from Newark.〔Hawes, George W., et al. for the U.S. Department of the Interior, Census Office. "Report on Building stones of the United States and Statistics of the Quarry Industry for 1880" from ''Final Report on the Tenth Census'', Volume 10. (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1884), 310.〕 Geology Hall, built on the south side of Old Queens, was the second of three projects that Hardenberg designed for the college, following an addition to a building (now Alexander Johnston Hall) that housed the college's grammar school (now Rutgers Preparatory School) the year before. The third project, Kirkpatrick Chapel (1873), was designed to complement the simple Gothic Revival style of Geology Hall and was erected on the north side of Old Queens.〔 The building was completed in 1872 at a cost of US$63,201.54 (2013: US$1,215,365).〔 Geology Hall's first floor provided the college with rooms for laboratory and lecture instruction and housed the college's armory.〔 The first-floor classrooms would accommodate the college's physics, military science, and geology departments.〔Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey – Rutgers University Libraries. ("Paths to Historic Rutgers: A Self-Guided Tour" ) from the ''Special Collections and University Archives: University Archives''. Retrieved September 27, 2013.〕〔Robbins, Allen B. ''History of Physics and Astronomy at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1771–2000''. (Baltimore, Maryland: Gateway Press, 2001), 56, 76.〕 Geology Hall also provided instruction space for courses in agriculture, chemistry and engineering for several years, until Rutgers built New Jersey Hall (1889) to house the Agricultural Experiment Station, and buildings for the Chemistry and Engineering departments (1909 and 1910 respectively) across Hamilton Street on land that became the college's Voorhees Mall.〔 Geology Hall's second floor was designed to provide sufficient space to house the college's natural history artefacts and geological specimens as a museum.〔 Today, Geology Hall houses some of the offices of the university's administration and the Rutgers Geology Museum. Previously, it housed the offices of the Rutgers geology department, now called the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, from 1872 until 1979, when it moved to the university's Busch Campus in Piscataway. This was the last of the university's science department to move across the Raritan River to the Busch campus.〔Olsson, Richard. ("History of EPS: A Brief History Of Geology At Rutgers, 1830–1980" ) at Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences (official website). Retrieved September 27, 2013.〕 In 1973, Geology Hall was included with six other buildings on Rutgers' Queen's Campus on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and the National Register of Historic Places.〔〔The Queen's Campus (total of 6 buildings and grounds) is listed as SHPO ID# 1881, and NRHP Reference #73001113. See: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJ DEP) — Historic Preservation Office. (New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places — Middlesex County ) (Last Updated April 5, 2013), 7. Retrieved September 5, 2013.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Geology Hall」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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